Of all the pieces I have written over the life of this column the one that has drawn the biggest response from you, the readers, was the one on amplifier voltage offset (“Will the real offset voltage ...

When you need to use multiple sensors with analog outputs in a measurement system, each sensor may respond differently to a known stimulus. As a result, you'll probably need to calibrate the system.

The schematic in Figure 1 is a common summing amplifier with multiple inputs and one single-ended output. It is a variation of a standard inverting amplifier. Point X is a virtual ground and is ...

Op amps excel at providing many useful and clever solutions to routine or complicated circuit functions. A summing circuit is a perfect example. A summing circuit is typically used in applications ...